Buckyball Marries Graphene

Electronic and structure richness arise from the merger of semiconducting molecules of carbon buckyballs and 2-D graphene.

Image courtesy of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

The Science

Scientists combined buckyballs, which resemble tiny soccer balls made from 60 carbon atoms, with graphene, a single layer of carbon, on an underlying surface. Positive and negative charges can transfer between the balls and graphene depending on the nature of the surface as well as the structural order and local orientation of the carbon ball. Scientists can use this architecture to develop tunable junctions for lightweight electronic devices.

The Impact

Fast-moving electrons and their counterpart, holes, were preserved in graphene with crystalline buckyball overlayers. Significantly, the carbon ball provides charge transfer to the graphene. Scientists expect the transfer to be highly tunable with external voltages. This marriage has ramifications for smart electronics that run longer and do not break as easily, bringing us closer to sensor-embedded smart clothing and robotic skin.

Summary

Charge transfer at the interface between dissimilar materials is at the heart of almost all electronic technologies such as transistors and photovoltaic devices. In this study, scientists studied charge transfer at the interface region of buckyball molecules deposited on graphene, with and without a supporting substrate, such as hexagonal boron nitride. They employed ab initio density functional theory with van der Waals interactions to model the structure theoretically. Van der Waals interactions are weak connections between neutral molecules. The team used high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electronic transport measurements to characterize experimentally the properties of the interface. The researchers observed that charge transfer between buckyballs and the graphene was sensitive to the nature of the underlying substrate, in addition, to the crystallinity and local orientation of the buckyballs. These studies open an avenue to devices where buckyball layers on top of graphene can serve as electron acceptors and other buckyball layers as electron donors. Even at room temperature, buckyball molecules were orientationally locked into position. This is in sharp contrast to buckyball molecules in un-doped bulk crystalline configurations, where locking occurs only at low temperature. High electron and hole mobilities are preserved in graphene with crystalline buckyball overlayers. This finding has ramifications for the development of organic high-mobility field-effect devices and other high mobility applications.

Contact

Alex Zettl
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
[email protected]

Claudia Ojeda-Aristizabal
California State University Long Beach
[email protected]

Funding

Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences including use of the Molecular Foundry, a DOE Office of Science user facility; the National Science Foundation; the United Kingdom National High Performance Computing Service, and the Queen’s University Belfast.

Publications

C. Ojeda-Aristizabal, E.J.G. Santos, S. Onishi, A. Yan, H.I. Rasool, S. Kahn, Y. Lv, D.W. Latzke, J. Velasco, Jr., M.F. Crommie, M. Sorensen, K. Gotlieb, C.Y. Lin, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, A. Lanzara, and A. Zettl, “Molecular arrangement and charge transfer in C₆₀/graphene heterostructures.” ACS Nano 11, 4686 (2017). [DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00551]