Ultrafast X-ray Optics
New optics technology can bring hard X-ray pulses down to a mere 300 picoseconds each
The Science
Scientists have demonstrated a new micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) resonator. MEMS devices combine tiny electronic and mechanical components. By using this device with a hard (higher energy) X-ray, scientists can now control how long the X-ray pulses are, down to 300 picoseconds long. Picoseconds are one trillionth of a second long. Typical synchrotrons – a type of particle accelerator – produce X-rays that are about 100 picoseconds long, but don’t have the ability to have fine control over the pulse length.
The Impact
Hard X-rays have played an important role in figuring out the structure and function of materials. However, to better understand energy conversion, storage, transmission, and use, scientists need to completely map the structure and behavior of many materials. To do so, they need X-ray probes where they can precisely control both the pulse timing and resolution.
Current synchrotrons can only produce X-ray pulses at very specific speeds. These new X-ray optics can, for the first time, allow scientists to control timing of the pulses down to 300 picoseconds. Because the technique doesn’t involve the X-ray’s storage-ring components, it can be incorporated into any existing beamline.
Summary
At present, synchrotron-based X-ray sources are well suited for revealing the spatiotemporal evolution of mesoscopic details in materials. However, temporal resolution is generally limited by the X-ray pulse duration, in the range of tens to hundreds of picoseconds, and by the pulse periodicity. Attaining such ultrafast time scales requires complex and costly modification of the storage ring at the expense of other source characteristics, such as intensity and brightness.
In this work, a unique MEMS-based X-ray dynamic optics system was created using nanofabrication capabilities at the CNM. The scientists achieved the ultrafast X-ray optics by matching the MEMS resonator frequency to the storage-ring frequency, without modifying any storage-ring components. The optics system then was demonstrated at APS beamline 7-IDC to control and manipulate hard X-ray pulses significantly below one nanosecond, down to 300 picoseconds. With this exceptional time scale, the technology is now one step closer to realization for allowing synchrotron-based materials research at a sub-pulse temporal scale.
Contact
Dafei Jin
Center for Nanoscale Materials
(630) 252-4604
Funding
This research was supported by the Accelerator and Detector Research Program of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences. The use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials and Advanced Photon Source, both Office of Science user facilities, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences.
Publications
P. Chen, I.W. Jung, D. A. Walko, Z. Li, Y. Gao, G.K. Shenoy, D. López, and J. Wang, “Ultrafast Photonic Micro-Systems to Manipulate Hard X-rays at 300 Picoseconds,” Nature Communications 10, 1158 (2019), [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09077-1]
Highlight Categories
Performer: SC User Facilities , BES User Facilities , APS , CNM
